Sharper Utility Bounds for Differentially Private Models

Abstract

In this paper, by introducing Generalized Bernstein condition, we propose the first $\mathcal{O}\big(\frac{\sqrt{p}}{n\epsilon}\big)$ high probability excess population risk bound for differentially private algorithms under the assumptions $G$-Lipschitz, $L$-smooth, and Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz condition, based on gradient perturbation method. If we replace the properties $G$-Lipschitz and $L$-smooth by $\alpha$-H{\"o}lder smoothness (which can be used in non-smooth setting), the high probability bound comes to $\mathcal{O}\big(n^{-\frac{\alpha}{1+2\alpha}}\big)$ w.r.t $n$, which cannot achieve $\mathcal{O}\left(1/n\right)$ when $\alpha\in(0,1]$. To solve this problem, we propose a variant of gradient perturbation method, \textbf{max$\{1,g\}$-Normalized Gradient Perturbation} (m-NGP). We further show that by normalization, the high probability excess population risk bound under assumptions $\alpha$-H{\"o}lder smooth and Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz condition can achieve $\mathcal{O}\big(\frac{\sqrt{p}}{n\epsilon}\big)$, which is the first $\mathcal{O}\left(1/n\right)$ high probability excess population risk bound w.r.t $n$ for differentially private algorithms under non-smooth conditions. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of the new proposed algorithm m-NGP, the experimental results show that m-NGP improves the performance of the differentially private model over real datasets. It demonstrates that m-NGP improves the utility bound and the accuracy of the DP model on real datasets simultaneously.