Quantum steganography with large payload based on dense coding and entanglement swapping of GHZ states

Abstract

A quantum steganography protocol with large payload is proposed, based on dense coding and entanglement swapping of GHZ states. Its super quantum channel is formed by building up the hidden channel within the original quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme. Based on the original QSDC, secrets messages are transmitted by integrating dense coding of GHZ states and entanglement swapping of GHZ states. Its capacity of super quantum channel achieves six bits per round covert communication, much higher than the previous quantum steganography protocols. Its imperceptibility is good, since the information and secrets messages can be regarded to be random or pseudo-random. Moreover, its security is proved to be reliable.