Qualitative analysis for viscous cosmologies in a non linear regime of the Israel-Stewart formalism

Abstract

We explore the dynamical properties of a cosmological model that includes viscous effects in the dark matter sector of the fluid equations in a flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime. The bulk viscous effects are described by a non linear extension of the full Israel-Stewart model. We allow the interchange of energy in the dark sector by means of the interaction term, namely $Q$. We establish the dynamical system corresponding to Friedmann and fluid set of equations associated to the model and study the linear stability of its critical points. From the dynamical system, we show the appearance of a critical point characterizing a de Sitter universe within the non interacting and interacting dark sector. We focus our study to analyse the stability of this fixed point in a large region of parameter space and derive linearized solutions around it. These approximate and analytical solutions are potentially able to describe the expansion of the universe since they are close to a de Sitter stationary solution. Within this regime with $Q \neq 0$, we realize the existence of regions in the space of parameters where this critical point is stable and describes the behavior of dark energy as quintessence, cosmological constant and phantom like fluids. We perform a comparison between numerical and linearized solutions nearby the critical points within the full non linear regimes and also contrast them against $\Lambda$CDM model. We find that fully non linear regime is favored by observations and closer to the concordance model due to the non-zero value of the parameter $j$, which controls the non linear effects. In fact, at low redshift values, the expansion rate associated to the full non linear regime is practically indistinguishable from $\Lambda$CDM. The deceleration parameter obtained in this regime exhibits a transition from decelerated to accelerated cosmic expansion.