Random cluster model on regular graphs

Abstract

For a graph $G=(V,E)$ with $v(G)$ vertices the partition function of the random cluster model is defined by $$Z_G(q,w)=\sum_{A\subseteq E(G)}q^{k(A)}w^{|A|},$$ where $k(A)$ denotes the number of connected components of the graph $(V,A)$. Furthermore, let $g(G)$ denote the girth of the graph $G$, that is, the length of the shortest cycle. In this paper we show that if $(G_n)_n$ is a sequence of $d$-regular graphs such that the girth $g(G_n)\to \infty$, then the limit $$\lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{1}{v(G_n)}\ln Z_{G_n}(q,w)=\ln \Phi_{d,q,w}$$ exists if $q\geq 2$ and $w\geq 0$. The quantity $\Phi_{d,q,w}$ can be computed as follows. Let $$\Phi_{d,q,w}(t):=\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{w}{q}}\cos(t)+\sqrt{\frac{(q-1)w}{q}}\sin(t)\right)^{d}+(q-1)\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{w}{q}}\cos(t)-\sqrt{\frac{w}{q(q-1)}}\sin(t)\right)^{d},$$ then $$\Phi_{d,q,w}:=\max_{t\in [-\pi,\pi]}\Phi_{d,q,w}(t),$$ The same conclusion holds true for a sequence of random $d$-regular graphs with probability one. Our result extends the work of Dembo, Montanari, Sly and Sun for the Potts model (integer $q$), and we prove a conjecture of Helmuth, Jenssen and Perkins about the phase transition of the random cluster model with fixed $q$.