Refined regularity analysis for a Keller-Segel-consumption system involving signal-dependent motilities

Abstract

We consider the Keller-Segel-type migration-consumption system involving signal-dependent motilities, $$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} u_t = \Delta \big(u\phi(v)\big), \\[1mm] v_t = \Delta v-uv, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad$$ in smoothly bounded domains $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\ge 1$. Under the assumption that $\phi\in C^1([0,\infty))$ is positive on $[0,\infty)$, and for nonnegative initial data from $(C^0(\overline{\Omega}))^\star \times L^\infty(\Omega)$, previous literature has provided results on global existence of certain very weak solutions with possibly quite poor regularity properties, and on large time stabilization toward semitrivial equilibria with respect to the topology in $(W^{1,2}(\Omega))^\star \times L^\infty(\Omega)$. The present study reveals that solutions in fact enjoy significantly stronger regularity features when $0<\phi\in C^3([0,\infty))$ and the initial data belong to $(W^{1,\infty}(\Omega))^2$: It is firstly shown, namely, that then in the case $n\le 2$ an associated no-flux initial-boundary value problem even admits a global classical solution, and that each of these solutions smoothly stabilizes in the sense that as $t\to\infty$ we have $$ \begin{align*} u(\cdot,t) \to \frac{1}{|\Omega|}\int_\Omega u_0 \qquad \text{ and } \qquad v(\cdot,t)\to 0 \qquad \qquad (\star) \end{align*}$$ even with respect to the norm in $L^\infty(\Omega)$ in both components. In the case when $n\ge 3$, secondly, some genuine weak solutions are found to exist globally, inter alia satisfying $\nabla u\in L^\frac{4}{3}_{loc}(\overline{\Omega}\times [0,\infty);\mathbb{R}^n)$. In the particular three-dimensional setting, any such solution is seen to become eventually smooth and to satisfy ($\star$).