Exact quantum-mechanical equations for particle beams

Abstract

The exact quantum-mechanical equations for beams of free particles including photons and for beams of Dirac and spin-1 particles in a uniform magnetic field have been derived. These equations present the exact generalizations of the well-known paraxial equations in optics (exact Helmholtz equation for light beams) and particle physics and of the previously obtained paraxial equation for a Dirac particle in a uniform magnetic field. Some basic properties of exact wave eigenfunctions of particle beams have been determined.