Long-term evolution of non-thermal emission from Type Ia and core-collapse supernova remnants in a diversified circumstellar medium

Abstract

The contribution of galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) to the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) is an important open question in modern astrophysics. Broadband non-thermal emission is a useful proxy for probing the energy budget and production history of CRs in SNRs. We conduct hydrodynamic simulations to model the long-term SNR evolution from explosion all the way to the radiative phase (or $3\times10^5$ yrs at maximum), and compute the time evolution of the broadband non-thermal spectrum to explore its potential applications on constraining the surrounding environments as well as the natures and mass-loss histories of the SNR progenitors. A parametric survey is performed on the ambient environments separated into two main groups, namely a homogeneous medium with a uniform gas density and one with the presence of a circumstellar structure created by the stellar wind of a massive red-supergiant (RSG) progenitor star. Our results reveal a highly diverse evolution history of the non-thermal emission closely correlated to the environmental characteristics of a SNR. Up to the radiative phase, the roles of CR re-acceleration and ion-neutral wave damping on the spectral evolution are investigated. Finally, we make an assessment of the future prospect of SNR observations by the next-generation hard X-ray space observatory FORCE and predict what we can learn from their comparison with our evolution models.