The helical vortex filaments of Ginzburg-Landau system in ${\mathbb R}^3$

Abstract

We consider the following coupled Ginzburg-Landau system in ${\mathbb R}^3$ \begin{align*} \begin{cases} -\epsilon^2 \Delta w^+ +\Big[A_+\big(|w^+|^2-{t^+}^2\big)+B\big(|w^-|^2-{t^-}^2\big)\Big]w^+=0, \\[3mm] -\epsilon^2 \Delta w^- +\Big[A_-\big(|w^-|^2-{t^-}^2\big)+B\big(|w^+|^2-{t^+}^2\big)\Big]w^-=0, \end{cases} \end{align*} where $w=(w^+, w^-)\in \mathbb{C}^2$ and the constant coefficients satisfy $$ A_+, A_->0,\quad B^2<A_+A_-, \quad t^\pm >0, \quad {t^+}^2+{ t^-}^2=1. $$ If $B<0$, then for every $\epsilon$ small enough, we construct a family of entire solutions $w_\epsilon (\tilde{z}, t)\in \mathbb{C}^2$ in the cylindrical coordinates $(\tilde{z}, t)\in \mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ for this system via the approach introduced by J. D\'avila, M. del Pino, M. Medina and R. Rodiac in {\tt arXiv:1901.02807}. These solutions are $2\pi$-periodic in $t$ and have multiple interacting vortex helices. The main results are the extensions of the phenomena of interacting helical vortex filaments for the classical (single) Ginzburg-Landau equation in $\mathbb{R}^3$ which has been studied in {\tt arXiv:1901.02807}. Our results negatively answer the Gibbons conjecture \cite{Gibbons conjecture} for the Allen-Cahn equation in Ginzburg-Landau system version, which is an extension of the question originally proposed by H. Brezis.