Self-Gravity and Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy

Abstract

We study the effect of self-gravity on entropy by directly solving the 4D semi-classical Einstein equation. In particular, we focus on whether the Bekenstein-Hawking formula holds when self-gravity is extremely strong. As an example, we consider a simple spherically symmetric static configuration consisting of many quanta and construct a self-consistent non-perturbative solution for $\hbar$ in which the entropy exactly follows the area law for many local degrees of freedom of any kind. This can be a candidate for black holes in quantum theory. It represents a compact dense configuration with near-Planckian curvatures, and the interior typically behaves like a local thermal state due to particle creation. Here, the information content is stored in the interior bulk, and the self-gravity plays an essential role in changing the entropy from the volume law to the area law. We finally discuss implications to black holes in quantum gravity and a speculative view of entropy as a gravitational charge.