Enhanced phase estimation in parity detection based Mach-Zehnder interferometer using non-Gaussian two-mode squeezed thermal input state

Abstract

While the quantum metrological advantages of performing non-Gaussian operations on two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) states have been extensively explored, similar studies in the context of two-mode squeezed thermal (TMST) states are severely lacking. In this paper, we explore the potential advantages of performing non-Gaussian operations on TMST state for phase estimation using parity detection based Mach-Zehnder interferometry. To this end, we consider the realistic model of photon subtraction, addition, and catalysis. We first provide a derivation of the unified Wigner function of the photon subtracted, photon added and photon catalyzed TMST state, which to the best of our knowledge is not available in the existing literature. This Wigner function is then used to obtain the expression for the phase sensitivity. Our results show that performing non-Gaussian operations on TMST states can enhance the phase sensitivity for significant ranges of squeezing and transmissivity parameters. We also observe that incremental advantage provided by performing these non-Gaussian operations on the TMST state is considerably higher than that of performing these operations on the TMSV state. Because of the probabilistic nature of these operations, it is of utmost importance to take their success probability into account. We identify the photon catalysis operation performed using a high transmissivity beam splitter as the optimal non-Gaussian operation when the success probability is taken into account. This is in contrast to the TMSV case, where we observe photon addition to be the most optimal. These results will be of high relevance for any future phase estimation experiments involving TMST states. Further, the derived Wigner function of the non-Gaussian TMST states will be useful for state characterization and its application in various quantum information protocols.