Disordered Graphene Ribbons as Topological Multicritical Systems

Abstract

The low energy spectrum of a zigzag graphene ribbon contains two gapless bands with highly non-linear dispersion, $\epsilon(k)=\pm |\pi-k|^W$, where $W$ is the width of the ribbon. The corresponding states are located at the two opposite zigzag edges. Their presence reflects the fact that the clean ribbon is a quasi one dimensional system naturally fine-tuned to the topological {\em multicritical} point. This quantum critical point separates a topologically trivial phase from the topological one with the index $W$. Here we investigate the influence of the (chiral) symmetry-preserving disorder on such a multicritical point. We show that the system harbors delocalized states with the localization length diverging at zero energy in a manner consistent with the $W=1$ critical point. The same is true regarding the density of states (DOS), which exhibits the universal Dyson singularity, despite the clean DOS being substantially dependent on $W$. On the other hand, the zero-energy localization length critical exponent, associated with the lattice staggering, is not universal and depends on the topological index $W$.