On the long-time asymptotic behavior of the Camassa-Holm equation in space-time solitonic regions

Abstract

In this work, we are devoted to study the Cauchy problem of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation with weighted Sobolev initial data in space-time solitonic regions \begin{align*} m_t+2\kappa q_x+3qq_x=2q_xq_{xx}+qq_{xx},~~m=q-q_{xx}+\kappa,\\ q(x,0)=q_0(x)\in H^{4,2}(\mathbb R),~~x\in\mathbb R, ~~t>0, \end{align*} where $\kappa$ is a positive constant. Based on the Lax spectrum problem, a Riemann-Hilbert problem corresponding to the original problem is constructed to give the solution of the CH equation with the initial boundary value condition. Furthermore, by developing the $\bar{\partial}$-generalization of Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, different long-time asymptotic expansions of the solution $q(x,t)$ are derived. Four asymptotic regions are divided in this work: For $\xi\in\left(-\infty,-\frac{1}{4}\right)\cup(2,\infty)$, the phase function $\theta(z)$ has no stationary point on the jump contour, and the asymptotic approximations can be characterized with the soliton term confirmed by $N(j_0)$-soliton on discrete spectrum with residual error up to $O(t^{-1+2\tau})$; For $\xi\in\left(-\frac{1}{4},0\right)$ and $\xi\in\left(0,2\right)$, the phase function $\theta(z)$ has four and two stationary points on the jump contour, and the asymptotic approximations can be characterized with the soliton term confirmed by $N(j_0)$-soliton on discrete spectrum and the $t^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ order term on continuous spectrum with residual error up to $O(t^{-1})$. Our results also confirm the soliton resolution conjecture for the CH equation with weighted Sobolev initial data in space-time solitonic regions.