Field theoretical approach to spin torques: Slonczewski torques

Abstract

The quantum field theoretical approach with the Kubo formula has successfully captured spin torques, such as spin-transfer torques and spin-orbit torques, for continuum systems. We examine the field theoretical approach to current-induced spin-transfer torques in a magnetic junction system. We first give a brief overview of the field theoretical approach to spin torques. Then, we consider a five-layers system consisting of three nonmagnetic metal layers separated by two ferromagnetic metal layers and apply an electric field perpendicular to the layers. We demonstrate that the Slonczewski-type spin-transfer torque, or shortly the Slonczewski torque, on the magnetizations in ferromagnetic layers is obtained by evaluating nonequilibrium electron spin density, based on the linear response theory with the Green function method. The obtained coefficient of the Slonczewski torque has a quantum oscillation at absolute zero temperature, which has not been mentioned before. A field-like torque accompanied by the Slonczewski torque is also evaluated.