Fragmentation Analysis of Cryogenic Pellets for Disruption Mitigation

Abstract

The lifetime and utilization of a nuclear fusion reactor like ITER depends strongly on its capabilities to mitigate damage during disruptions. While shattered pellet injection (SPI) was chosen as the baseline mitigation method for ITER, the exact relation of pellet injection parameters and the resulting fragment distributions is not yet clear. This knowledge is of paramount importance for optimizing the impurity deposition and disruption mitigation efficiency. In this thesis, I present fragmentation analysis of 170 SPI pellets, with the focus on the produced fragment sizes as a function of normal impact velocity. The experiments were carried out at the Max Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching, Germany, using the shattered pellet injection system that is now installed on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Comparisons with a theoretical fragmentation model (Parks 2016) show that the model underestimates the amount of fragments below 0.9 mm in diameter. Also, statistical parameters such as the mean fragment size and the standard deviation of fragment size seem to scale exponentially in the experiment and linearly in the model. Furthermore, we found that the fragmentation induced by circular shattering geometries is less reproducible than for rectangular geometries, which might be relevant for design choices in future mitigation systems.