Higher-order rogue wave fission under the effects of third-order dispersion, self-steepening and self-frequency shift

Abstract

Using the generalised nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, we investigate how the effect of third-order dispersion, self-steepening, and Raman-induced-self-frequency shift have an impact on the higher-order rogue waves. We observe that individually each effect breaks apart the higher-order rogue waves reducing to their constituent fundamental parts similar to how a higher-order soliton undergoes fission. We demonstrate that under the influence of their combined effect, the disintegrated elements of higher-order rogue waves become fundamental solitons creating asymmetrical spectral profiles that generate both red and blue-shifted frequency components. These observations reveal the mechanisms that create a large number of solitons in the process of modulation instability-induced supercontinuum generation from a continuous-wave background in optical fibers.