Hessian estimates for Dirichlet and Neumann eigenfunctions of Laplacian

Abstract

By methods of stochastic analysis on Riemannian manifolds, we develop two approaches to determine an explicit constant $c(D)$ for an $n$-dimensional compact manifold $D$ with boundary such that $\frac{\lambda}{n}\,\|\phi\|_{\infty} \leq \|{\rm Hess}\ \phi\|_{\infty}\leq c(D)\lambda \,\|\phi\|_{\infty}$ holds for any Dirichlet eigenfunction $\phi$ of $-\Delta$ with eigenvalue $\lambda$. Our results provide the sharp Hessian estimate $\|{\rm Hess}\ \phi\|_{\infty}\lesssim \lambda^{\frac{n+3}{4}}$. Corresponding Hessian estimates for Neumann eigenfunctions are derived in the second part of the paper.