Superconductivity in monolayer and few-layer graphene: I. Review of possible pairing symmetries and basic electronic properties

Abstract

We review all symmetry-allowed spin-singlet and spin-triplet superconducting (SC) order parameters in graphene ($s$-wave, $d$-wave, $p$-wave, and $f$-wave) generated by generic onsite, nearest-neighbor (NN), and next-to-nearest-neighbor (NNN) pairing interactions in a tight-binding model. For each pairing channel, we calculate both the band structure and the dependence of the density of states on energy, chemical potential, and on the pairing strength. In particular, we distinguish between nodal superconducting states and fully gapped states and study the dependence of gap closing points on the chemical potential and the superconducting pairing strength. We further investigate the difference between mono-, bi-, and tri-layer ABC and ABA graphene, including accounting for the effects of trigonal warping.