Topological transitions of the generalized Pancharatnam-Berry phase

Abstract

Distinct from the dynamical phase, in a cyclic evolution, a system's state may acquire an additional component, a.k.a. geometric phase. The latter is a manifestation of a closed path in state space. Geometric phases underlie various physical phenomena, notably the emergence of topological invariants of many-body states. Recently it has been demonstrated that geometric phases can be induced by a sequence of generalized measurements implemented on a single qubit. Furthermore, it has been predicted that such geometric phases may exhibit a topological transition as function of the measurement strength. Here, we demonstrate and study this transition experimentally employing an optical platform. We show the robustness to certain generalizations of the original protocol, as well as to certain types of imperfections. Our protocol can be interpreted in terms of environment-induced geometric phases.