Fluctuation-response relation of time-symmetric quantities around general nonequilibrium stationary state

Abstract

A connection between the response and fluctuation in general nonequilibrium stationary states is investigated. We focus on time-symmetric quantities and find that the fluctuation of a kind of empirical measure can be expressed with the response of the empirical measure, current, and the time-symmetric current. This relation is proven by using the fictitious stalling decomposition: We decompose a single observed transition (edge in the state space) between two microscopic states into two transitions such that one of the transitions stalls in this stationary state. Through this trick, relations for stalling stationary states apply to general nonequilibrium stationary states, which leads to the desired relation.