Multiple soliton solutions and similarity reduction of a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries system

Abstract

In this paper, we study the novel nonlinear wave structures of a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) system by its analytic solutions. Its $N$-soliton solution are obtained via Hirota's bilinear method, and in particular, the hybrid solution of lump, breather and line soliton are derived by the long wave limit method. In addition to soliton solutions, similarity reduction, including similarity solutions (also known as group-invariant solutions) and non-autonomous third-order Painlev\'e equations, is achieved through symmetry analysis. The analytic results, together with illustrative wave interactions, show interesting physical features, that may shed some light on the study of other variable-coefficient nonlinear systems.