Fast, noise-free atomic optical memory with 35% end-to-end efficiency

Abstract

Coherent optical memories will likely play an important role in future quantum communication networks. Among the different platforms, memories based on ladder-type orbital transitions in atomic gasses offer high bandwidth ($>100$ MHz), continuous (on-demand) readout, and low-noise operation. Here we report on an upgraded setup of our previously-reported fast ladder memory, with improved efficiency and lifetime, and reduced noise. The upgrade employs a stronger control field, wider signal beam, reduced atomic density, higher optical depth, annular optical-pumping beam, and weak dressing of an auxiliary orbital to counteract residual Doppler-broadening. For a 2 ns-long pulse, we demonstrate 53% internal efficiency, 35% end-to-end efficiency, $3\times 10^{-5}$ noise photons per pulse, and a $1/e$ lifetime of 108 ns. This combination of performances is a record for continuous-readout memories.