Even the photon propagator must break de Sitter symmetry

Abstract

The propagator for the massless vector field in de Sitter space cannot maintain de Sitter invariance in the general covaraint gauge, except in the exactly transverse gauge limit. This is due to a previously overlooked Ward-Takahashi identity that the propagator must satisfy. Here we construct the propagator that satisfies all the conditions of a consistently quantized theory. Our solution preserves cosmological symmetries and dilations, but breaks spatial special conformal transformations. The solution amounts to adding a homogeneous de Sitter breaking term to previously reported de Sitter invariant solutions of the propagator equation of motion. Even though the corrections we report pertain to the gauge sector of the linear theory, they are relevant and have to be accounted for when interactions are included.