Simultaneous fermion and exciton condensations from a model Hamiltonian

Abstract

Fermion-exciton condensation in which both fermion-pair (i.e., superconductivity) and exciton condensations occur simultaneously in a single coherent quantum state has recently been conjectured to exist. Here, we capture the fermion-exciton condensation through a model Hamiltonian that can recreate the physics of this new class of highly correlated condensation phenomena. We demonstrate that the Hamiltonian generates the large-eigenvalue signatures of fermion-pair and exciton condensations for a series of states with increasing particle numbers. The results confirm that the dual-condensate wave function arises from the entanglement of fermion-pair and exciton wave functions, which we previously predicted in the thermodynamic limit. This model Hamiltonian -- generalizing well-known model Hamiltonians for either superconductivity or exciton condensation -- can explore a wide variety of condensation behavior. It provides significant insights into the required forces for generating a fermion-exciton condensate, which will likely be invaluable for realizing such condensations in realistic materials with applications from superconductors to excitonic materials.