Modeling Preferences: A Bayesian Mixture of Finite Mixtures for Rankings and Ratings

Abstract

Rankings and ratings are commonly used to express preferences but provide distinct and complementary information. Rankings give ordinal and scale-free comparisons but lack granularity; ratings provide cardinal and granular assessments but may be highly subjective or inconsistent. Collecting and analyzing rankings and ratings jointly has not been performed until recently due to a lack of principled methods. In this work, we propose a flexible, joint statistical model for rankings and ratings under heterogeneous preferences: the Bradley-Terry-Luce-Binomial (BTL-Binomial). We employ a Bayesian mixture of finite mixtures (MFM) approach to estimate heterogeneous preferences, understand their inherent uncertainty, and make accurate decisions based on ranking and ratings jointly. We demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the BTL-Binomial MFM approach on real and simulated datasets of ranking and rating preferences in peer review and survey data contexts.