Revisiting the history of the evolution of the universe from radiation dominated to dark energy dominated

Abstract

Most of our knowledge of the universe has been obtained from the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background and observations of large-scale structures. During the history of the Universe, neutrinos from the early Universe evolve from a relativistic phase at very early times to a massive-particle behavior at later times. The mass of neutrinos affects the history of the expansion of the universe and the growth of the disturbances of the various components of the cosmic microwave background, therefore the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic radiation and the observations of the large-scale structures. In this article, by using the coupling of neutrinos with dark energy, we investigate the cosmic evolution from the era of matter dominated to the era of dark energy dominated and show that neutrinos can play an important role in the evolution from radiation dominated to matter dominated and the evolution from Matter dominated to dark energy dominated. Also, we investigate the effect of non-relativistic neutrino on bulk flow and show that the direction of bulk flow has a little difference in scales smaller than 0.1, and the more we consider the scales higher than the local universe, the more difference is observed in the direction of bulk flow.