A Friendly Face: Do Text-to-Image Systems Rely on Stereotypes when the Input is Under-Specified?

Abstract

As text-to-image systems continue to grow in popularity with the general public, questions have arisen about bias and diversity in the generated images. Here, we investigate properties of images generated in response to prompts which are visually under-specified, but contain salient social attributes (e.g., 'a portrait of a threatening person' versus 'a portrait of a friendly person'). Grounding our work in social cognition theory, we find that in many cases, images contain similar demographic biases to those reported in the stereotype literature. However, trends are inconsistent across different models and further investigation is warranted.