Hidden causal loops, macroscopic realism and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell nonlocality: forward-backward stochastic simulations

Abstract

We analyze quantum measurement and entanglement by solving the dynamics of stochastic amplitudes that propagate both forward and backward in time. The model allows simulation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen and Bell correlations, and reveals consistency with a weak form of local realism defined after the unitary interactions determining the measurement settings. Bell violations emerge due to a breakdown of a subset of Bell's local-realism conditions. Our results elucidate how hidden causal loops can explain Bell nonlocality, without requiring retrocausality at a macroscopic level.