Phase Transitions in the Hubbard Model on the Square Lattice

Abstract

We study the low temperature properties of the two-dimensional weakly interacting Hubbard model on $\ZZZ^2$ with renormalized chemical potential $\mu=2-\mu_0$, $\mu_0=10^{-10}$ fixed, in which case the Fermi surface is close to a perfect square. Using fermionic functional integrals, cluster expansions and rigorous renormalization group analysis, we prove that the perturbation series for the two-point Schwinger function is analytic in the coupling constant $\l$ in the domain $\l\in\RR_T=\{\l\in\RRR,\vert\lambda\log^2(\mu_0T/C_1)|\le C_2\}$ for any fixed temperature $T>0$, suggesting that there is a phase transition with critical temperature $T_c= \frac{C_1}{\m_0}\exp{(-C^{1/2}_2|\lambda|^{-1/2})}$. Here $C_1, C_2$ are positive constants independent of $T$ and $\l$. We also prove that the second derivative of the momentum space self-energy function w.r.t. the external momentum is not uniformly bounded, suggesting that this model is {\it not} a Fermi liquid in the mathematically precise sense of Salmhofer. This result can be viewed as a first step towards rigorous study of the Fermi liquid-non Fermi liquid crossover phenomenon.