Distributivity in congruence lattices of graph inverse semigroups

Abstract

Let {\Gamma} be a directed graph and Inv({\Gamma}) be the graph inverse semigroup of {\Gamma}. Luo and Wang [7] showed that the congruence lattice C(Inv({\Gamma})) of any graph inverse semigroup Inv({\Gamma}) is upper semimodular, but not lower semimodular in general. Anagnostopoulou-Merkouri, Mesyan and Mitchell characterized the directed graph {\Gamma} for which C(Inv({\Gamma})) is lower semimodular [2]. In the present paper, we show that the lower semimodularity, modularity and distributivity in the congruence lattice C(Inv({\Gamma})) of any graph inverse semigroup Inv({\Gamma}) are equivalent.