Non-perturbative effects of deep-strong light-matter interaction in a mesoscopic cavity-QED system

Abstract

We consider a system comprising two groups of quantum dimers placed in a common electromagnetic cavity, and controlled by selectively applying a static external potential to one of the groups. We show that in the regime of deep strong coupling to vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations, the emergent photon-assisted interaction between the dimers leads to a strongly non-linear quantized cross-polarization response of the first, unbiased group of dimers to the potential applied to the second group. The total polarization shows a series of almost ideal steps whose number and position depends on the parity of the numbers of dimers in the groups. This non-perturbative effect is a distinctive feature of mesoscopic systems comprising finite number of dimers and disappears in the thermodynamic limit which is commonly used in the desciption of the generalized Dicke models.