Coherent States of Multilayer Lithiated Graphene utilizing an Electric Vector Potential

Abstract

The computational research that will be presented compares the coherent states of multiple layer graphene versus the coherent states of lithium ions diffused within this multilayer graphene. Unlike the prevailing research on graphene coherent states that uses an external magnetic vector potential, this research will utilize an electric vector potential that is inherent from the electron current density that transverses the {\pi}-bonds on the graphene surface. The results from this study will display that the electric vector potential produces energies that can lead to coherent states for graphene and lithiated graphene without the necessity of a strong applied magnetic vector potential. Two excited states will be analyzed for each material. The first excited state (n=1) the graphene coherent state energies lags behind the energies of the lithiated graphene coherent state where as the second excited state (n=2) the coherent state energies of graphene exceeds that of the lithiated graphene coherent state.