Propagation or extinction in bistable equations: the non-monotone role of initial fragmentation

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the large-time behavior of bounded solutions of the Cauchy problem for a reaction-diffusion equation in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with bistable reaction term. We consider initial conditions that are chiefly indicator functions of bounded Borel sets. We examine how geometric transformations of the supports of these initial conditions affect the propagation or extinction of the solutions at large time. We also consider two fragmentation indices defined in the set of bounded Borel sets and we establish some propagation or extinction results when the initial supports are weakly or highly fragmented. Lastly, we show that the large-time dynamics of the solutions is not monotone with respect to the considered fragmentation indices, even for equimeasurable sets.