Surface roughness induced stress concentration

Abstract

When a body is exposed to external forces large local stresses may occur at the surface because of surface roughness. Surface stress concentration is important for many applications and in particular for fatigue due to pulsating external forces. For randomly rough surfaces I calculate the probability distribution of surface stress in response to a uniform external tensile stress with the displacement vector field parallel to the rough surface. I present numerical simulation results for the stress distribution $\sigma (x,y)$ and show that in a typical case, the maximum local tensile stress may be $\sim 10$ times bigger than the applied stress. I discuss the role of the stress concentration on plastic deformation and surface crack generation and propagation.