Emergent Superconductivity and Competing Charge Orders in Hole-Doped Square-Lattice $t$-$J$ Model

Abstract

The square-lattice Hubbard and closely related $t$-$J$ models are considered as basic paradigms for understanding strong correlation effects and unconventional superconductivity (SC). Recent large-scale density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations on the extended $t$-$J$ model have identified $d$-wave SC on the electron-doped side (with the next-nearest-neighbor hopping $t_2>0$) but a dominant charge density wave (CDW) order on the hole-doped side ($t_2<0$), which is inconsistent with the SC of hole-doped cuprate compounds. We re-examine the ground-state phase diagram of the extended $t$-$J$ model by employing the state-of-the-art DMRG calculations with much enhanced bond dimensions, allowing more accurate determination of the ground state. On 6-leg cylinders, while different CDW phases are identified on the hole-doped side for the doping range $\delta= 1/16-1/8$, a SC phase emerges at a lower doping regime, with algebraically decaying pairing correlations and $d$-wave symmetry. On the wider 8-leg systems, the $d$-wave SC also emerges on the hole-doped side at the optimal $1/8$ doping, demonstrating the winning of SC over CDW by increasing the system width. Our results not only suggest a new path to SC in general $t$-$J$ models through weakening the competing charge orders, but also provide a unified understanding on the SC of both hole- and electron-doped cuprate superconductors.