Velocity-Dependent Forces and Non-Hydrodynamic Initial Conditions in Quantum and Classical Fluids

Abstract

We consider a fermionic fluid in a non-equilibrium steady state where the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is not valid and fields conjugate to the hydrodynamic variables are explicitly required to determine response functions. We identify velocity-dependent forces in the kinetic equation that are equivalent to such fields. They lead to driving terms in the hydrodynamic equations and to corrections to the hydrodynamic initial conditions.