Measure synchronization in interacting Hamiltonian systems: A brief review

Abstract

This paper aims to review the measure synchronization, a weak form of synchronization observed in coupled Hamiltonian systems, briefly. This synchronization is characterized by a Hamiltonian system that displays either quasiperiodic or chaotic dynamics. Each system, in the presence of either linear or nonlinear coupling, shares a phase space domain with an identical invariant measure in the measure synchronized state. It is important to note that while the trajectories are identical in measure, they do not necessarily exhibit complete temporal synchrony. This synchronization has been observed in various physical systems, such as coupled pendulums, Josephson junctions, and lasers.