Backward uniqueness of 2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations and its applications

Abstract

In this work, we consider the two- and three-dimensional convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations (or damped Navier--Stokes equations) on a torus $\mathbb{T}^d,$ $d\in\{2,3\}$: $$ \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{u}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{u}+(\boldsymbol{u}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{u}+\alpha\boldsymbol{u}+\beta|\boldsymbol{u}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{u}+\nabla p=\boldsymbol{f}, \ \nabla\cdot\boldsymbol{u}=0,$$ where $\mu,\alpha,\beta>0$ and $r\in[1,\infty)$ is the absorption exponent. For $d=2,r\in[1,\infty)$ and $d=3,r\in[3,\infty)$ ($2\beta\mu\geq 1$ for $d=r=3$), we first show the backward uniqueness of deterministic CBF equations by exploiting the logarithmic convexity property and the global solvability results available in the literature. As a direct consequence of the backward uniqueness result, we first derive the approximate controllability with respect to the initial data (viewed as a start controller). Secondly, we apply the backward uniqueness results in the attractor theory to show the zero Lipschitz deviation of the global attractors for 2D and 3D CBF equations. By an application of log-Lipschitz regularity, we prove the uniqueness of Lagrangian trajectories in 2D and 3D CBF flows and the continuity of Lagrangian trajectories with respect to the Eulerian initial data. Finally, we consider the stochastic CBF equations with a linear multiplicative Gaussian noise. For $d=2,r\in[1,\infty)$ and $d=3,r\in[3,5]$ ($2\beta\mu\geq 1$ for $d=r=3$), we show the pathwise backward uniqueness as well as approximate controllability via starter controller results.