Chronological-safe kind of geometric phase for $C_{60}$ fullerenes in G\"odel spacetimes

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a rotating fullerene molecule with Ih symmetry within the framework of non-inertial spacetimes. We use a low-energy geometric theory to describe the molecule as a two-dimensional spherical space of G\"odel type. Using the well-known fictitious `t Hooft Polyakov monopole to decouple the doublet associated with the lattice, we employ the Dirac factor method to derive a geometric phase for the fermions in the system. We also discuss the chronology protection feature of the phase through specific geometric considerations for the system.