Fluctuations of the energy density and intensity for arbitrary objects in an arbitrary environment

Abstract

I apply the scattering approach within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics to derive the variances and mean values of the energy density and intensity for a system of an arbitrary object in an arbitrary environment. To evaluate the temporal bunching character of the energy density and intensity, I determine the ratio of their variances with respect to their mean values. I explicitly evaluate these ratios for the cases of vacuum, a half-space in vacuum, and a sphere in vacuum. Eventually, I extend the applicability of this theory to the case of more than one arbitrary object, independent of the geometrical shapes and materials.