Two-step Newton's method for deflation-one singular zeros of analytic systems

Abstract

We propose a two-step Newton's method for refining an approximation of a singular zero whose deflation process terminates after one step, also known as a deflation-one singularity. Given an isolated singular zero of a square analytic system, our algorithm exploits an invertible linear operator obtained by combining the Jacobian and a projection of the Hessian in the direction of the kernel of the Jacobian. We prove the quadratic convergence of the two-step Newton method when it is applied to an approximation of a deflation-one singular zero. Also, the algorithm requires a smaller size of matrices than the existing methods, making it more efficient. We demonstrate examples and experiments to show the efficiency of the method.