Essential surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces with singular surfaces

Abstract

Two-sided incompressible surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces with isolated singular fibers are well-understood. Frohman and Rannard have shown that one-sided incompressible surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces which have isolated singular fibers are either pseudo-horizontal or psuedo-vertical. We extend their result to characterise essential surfaces in Seifert fiber spaces which may have singular surfaces, i.e., in $S^1$-foliated $3$-manifolds which have fibered model neighbourhoods that are isomorphic to either a fibered solid torus or a fibered solid Klein bottle.