Non-equilibrium dynamics of bosons with dipole symmetry: Large-$N$ Keldysh approach

Abstract

We study the quench and the ramp dynamics of interacting $N$-component charged bosons with dipole symmetry using Schwinger-Keldysh field theory in the large $N$ limit. The equilibrium phase diagram of these bosons shows two phases in the large $N$ limit. The first is a normal phase where both the global $U(N)$ and the dipole symmetries are conserved and the second is a delocalized condensed phase where both the symmetries are broken. In contrast, our explicit computation of the steady state after an instantaneous quantum quench from the condensed phase shows that an additional, novel, delocalized normal phase, where the global $U(N)$ symmetry is conserved but the dipole symmetry is broken, can exist for a range of quench parameters. A study of ramp dynamics of the model shows that the above-mentioned steady state exists only above a critical ramp rate which we estimate.