Classification des entiers monomialement irr{\'e}ductibles et g{\'e}n{\'e}ralisations

Abstract

In this article, we study the classification of some natural numbers related to the combinatorics of congruence subgroups of the modular group. More precisely, we will focus here on the notion of minimal monomial solutions. These are the solutions of a matrix equation (also appearing in the study of Coxeter friezes), modulo an integer $N$, whose components are identical and minimal for this property. Our aim here is to study the integers $N$ for which the minimal monomial solutions satisfying some fixed conditions have an irreducibility property. In particular, we will classify the monomially irreducible integers which are the integers for which all the nonzero minimal monomial solutions are irreducible.