Pressure-Induced Phase Transformations of Quasi-2D Sr$_3$Hf$_2$O$_7$

Abstract

We present an \textit{ab-initio} study of the quasi-2D layered perovskite Sr$_3$Hf$_2$O$_7$ com\-pound, performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory and lattice dynamics analysis. At high temperatures, this compound takes a \textit{I4/mmm} centrosym\-met\-ric structure (S.G. n. 139); as the temperature is lowered, the symmetry is broken into other intermediate polymorphs before reaching the ground state structure, which is the \textit{Cmc2$_1$} ferroelectric phase (S.G. n. 36). One of these intermediate polymorphs is the \textit{Ccce} structural phase (S.G. n. 68). Additionally, we have probed the \textit{C2/c} system (S.G n. 15), which was obtained by following the atomic displacements corresponding to the eigenvectors of the imaginary frequency mode localized at the $\mathbf{\Gamma}$-point of the \textit{Ccce} phase. By observing the enthalpies at low pressures, we found that the \textit{Cmc2$_1$} phase is thermodynamically the most stable. Our results show that the \textit{I4/mmm} and \textit{C2/c} phases never stabilize in the 0-20 GPa range of pressure values. On the other hand, the \textit{Ccce} phase becomes energetically more stable at around 17 GPa, surpassing the \textit{Cmc2$_1$} structure. By considering the effect of entropy and the constant-volume free energies, we observe that the \textit{Cmc2$_1$} polymorph is energetically the most stable phase at low temperature; however, at 350 K the \textit{Ccce} system becomes the most stable. By probing the volume-dependent free energies at 19 GPa, we see that \textit{Ccce} is always the most stable phase between the two structures and also throughout the studied temperature range. When analyzing the phonon dispersion frequencies, we conclude that the \textit{Ccce} system becomes dynamically stable only around 19-20 GPa, and that the \textit{Cmc2$_1$} phase, is metastable up to 30 GPa.