Hydrodynamic theories for a system of weakly self-interacting classical ultra-relativistic scalar particles: microscopic derivations and attractors

Abstract

We derive and investigate several hydrodynamic formalisms that emerge from a system of classical, ultra-relativistic scalar particles self-interacting via a quartic potential. The specific form of the total cross-section enables the analytical computation of all transport coefficients that appear in Navier-Stokes (NS), Bemfica-Disconzi-Noronha-Kovtun (BDNK), and second-order transient hydrodynamic theories. We solve all these formalisms in a Bjorken flow scenario and show that NS and BDNK theories display unphysical features when gradients become sufficiently large. This implies that these hydrodynamic approaches may not be suitable to describe the early stages of heavy ion collisions.