The regular part of transformation semigroups that preserve double direction equivalence relation

Abstract

Let $T(X)$ be the full transformation semigroup on a set $X$ under the composition of functions. For any equivalence relation $E$ on $X$, define a subsemigroup $T_{E^*}(X)$ of $T(X)$ by $$T_{E^*}(X)=\{\alpha\in T(X):\text{for all}\ x,y\in X, (x,y)\in E\Leftrightarrow (x\alpha,y\alpha)\in E\}.$$ In this paper, we show that the regular part of $T_{E^*}(X)$, denoted $\mathrm{Reg}(T)$, is the largest regular subsemigroup of $T_{E^*}(X)$. Then its Green's relations and ideals are described. Moreover, we find the kernel of $\mathrm{Reg}(T)$ which is a right group and can be written as a union of symmetric groups. Finally, we prove that every right group can be embedded in that kernel.