Introduction to Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions for Quantum Engineers

Abstract

In this tutorial paper, we provide an introduction to the briskly expanding research field of Majorana fermions in topological superconductors. We discuss several aspects of topological superconductivity and the advantages it brings to quantum computing. Mathematical derivation of the Kitaev model and BdG Hamiltonian is carried out to explain the phenomena of superconductivity and Majorana fermions. The Majorana fermions and the Non-Abelian statistics are described in detail along with their significance for quantum engineers. The theory provided led towards the engineering of the topological qubits using Majoranas.