Dilation and Birkhoff-James orthogonality

Abstract

We study the interaction between unitary $\rho$-dilations of a pair of Hilbert space operators and Birkhoff-James orthogonality. We prove that for two orthogonal operators $T,A$ if $\|T\|=\rho$, then $U_T \perp_B U_A$ for any unitary $\rho$-dilations $U_T$ of $T$ and $U_A$ of $A$ acting on a common space. We characterize $\varepsilon$-approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality for complex Hilbert space operators. Then find a sharp bound on $\varepsilon$ such that $T \perp_B A$ implies that $U_T \perp_B^{\varepsilon} U_A$ for any unitary $\rho$-dilations $U_T, U_A$ of $T$ and $A$ respectively. The Sch\"{a}ffer unitary dilations of a pair of contractions $T,A$ are not orthogonal in general. We construct Sch\"{a}ffer-type unitary dilations for contractions which are pairwise orthogonal.