Glued massive particles surfaces

Abstract

A novel generalization of photon surfaces to the case of massive charged particles is given for spacetimes with at least one isometry, including stationary ones. A related notion of glued massive particle surfaces is also defined. These surfaces join worldlines parametrized by a family of independent conserved quantities and naturally arise in integrable spacetimes. We describe the basic geometric properties of such surfaces and their relationship to slice-reducible Killing tensors, illustrating all concepts with a number of examples. Massive particle surfaces have potential applications in the context of uniqueness theorems, Penrose inequalities, integrability, and the description of black-hole shadows in streams of massive charged particles or photons in a medium with an effective mass and charge.