Exciton properties: learning from a decade of measurements on halide perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

The exciton binding energy ($E_b$) is a key parameter that governs the physics of many optoelectronic devices. At their best, trustworthy and precise measurements of $E_b$ challenge theoreticians to refine models, are a driving force in advancing the understanding a material system, and lead to efficient device design. At their worst, inaccurate $E_b$ measurements lead theoreticians astray, sew confusion within the research community, and hinder device improvements by leading to poor designs. This review article seeks to highlight the pros and cons of different measurement techniques used to determine $E_b$, namely, temperature-dependent photoluminescence, resolving Rydberg states, electroabsorption, magnetoabsorption, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and fitting the optical absorption. Due to numerous conflicting $E_b$ values reported for halide perovskites (HP) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) monolayers, an emphasis is placed on highlighting these measurements in attempt to reconcile the variance between different measurement techniques. By considering the published data en masse, we argue the experiments with the clearest indicators are in agreement on the following values: ~350 - 450 meV for TMDC monolayers between SiO$_2$ and vacuum, ~150 - 200 meV for hBN-encapsulated TMDC monolayers, ~200 - 300 meV for common lead-iodide 2D HPs, and ~10 meV for methylammonium lead iodide.